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CHAPTER 3 · TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE IN EGYPTIAN ARABIC LESSON 1 L E S S O N 1 Build the Future and Use It Naturally The Ordinary Future Your Goal By the end of this lesson, you can: build the basic future form; choose the correct future form for different people; use regular and longer verbs in the future; recognize the main meanings of a future sentence; use common future-time expressions naturally. Observe the Pattern 0 Look at these sentences first. Do not worry about the rule yet. Just notice what happens to the verb. أنا هكتب الرسالة بكرة هو هيشتغل من البيت . . ana hakteb er-resaala bokra. huwwa hayeshtaghal men el-beet. I will write the message tomorrow. He will work from home. إنتي هتتكلمي مع المدير؟ enti hatetkallemi ma3 el-modeer? Will you speak with the manager? إحنا هنروح بعد شوية . e7na hanroo7 ba3d shewayya. We will go in a little while. هما هيفتحوا المحل الساعة عشرة . humma hayefta7u el-ma7all es-sa3ah They will open the shop at ten. 3ashara. هـ You should already notice one important thing: the future verb normally begins with . هـ But is only part of the pattern. The rest of the beginning still tells you who will do the action. The Main Future Rule 1 You already know most of the system you need. Egyptian normally builds the basic future from the present verb. The main pattern for the ordinary, simple future is: هـ بـ + present verb without Compare: بكتب هكتب bakteb hakteb I write / I am writing. I will write. بـ هـ The ordinary present disappears, and gives the verb its future meaning. PRESENT FUTURE MEANING بكتب هكتب I will write bakteb hakteb بتكتب هتكتب you m. / she will write betekteb hatekteb بيكتب هيكتب he will write beyekteb hayekteb بنكتب هنكتب we will write benekteb hanekteb بتكتبوا هتكتبوا you all will write betektebu hatektebu بيكتبوا هيكتبوا they will write beyektebu hayektebu 10 Official Speak Arabi learning material · speak-arabi.com 10 LESSON 1 · BUILD THE FUTURE BUILDING THE FUTURE continued SECTION 1 ت، ي، ن The are still important because they help you see who is doing the action. هـ So do not look only for . Look at the whole beginning of the verb. كتب Complete Model: 2 Here is one complete model. You do not need a full table like this for every verb in the chapter. PRONOUN FUTURE FORM MEANING أنا هكتب I will write ana hakteb هتكتب إنت you will write — masculine enta hatekteb هتكتبي إنتي you will write — feminine enti hatektebi هو هيكتب he will write huwwa hayekteb هي هتكتب she will write heyya hatekteb إحنا هنكتب we will write e7na hanekteb إنتوا هتكتبوا you all will write entu hatektebu هما هيكتبوا they will write humma hayektebu ي إنتوا هما وا إنتي often keeps the feminine ending. and keep their plural ending. هو هيـ إحنا هنـ normally has . normally has . هي إنت masculine and can sometimes have the same verb form. إنت هتكتب بكرة؟ هي هتكتب بكرة . enta hatekteb bokra? heyya hatekteb bokra. Will you write tomorrow? She will write tomorrow. The pronoun, a name, or the situation tells you which meaning is intended. أنا What Happens with ? 3 Look at these bare first-person verbs: BARE FORM FUTURE أكتب هكتب akteb hakteb أروح هروح aroo7 haroo7 أشرب هشرب ashrab hashrab أفتح هفتح afta7 hafta7 أتكلم هتكلم atkallem hatkallem أشتغل هشتغل ashtaghal hashtaghal أستنى هستنى astanna hastanna 11 speak-arabi.com 11 LESSON 1 · BUILD THE FUTURE BUILDING THE FUTURE continued SECTION 3 أ When you add the future marker, the initial normally does not stay as a separate sound. So you normally say: هروح بكرة . haroo7 bokra. I will go tomorrow. هأروح بكرة . ✗ ha2aroo7 bokra. هكتب الرسالة . hakteb er-resaala. I will write the message. هأكتب الرسالة . ✗ ha2akteb er-resaala. Regular and Longer Verbs 4 The same system works with many different verbs. You do not need a new future rule just because the verb is longer. هشرب مية بعد التمرين هي هتفتح الشباك . . hashrab mayya ba3d et-tamriin. heyya hatefta7 esh-shebbak. I will drink water after the workout. She will open the window. هو هيشتغل معانا . huwwa hayeshtaghal ma3aana. He will work with us. هنتكلم عن الموضوع بكرة . hanetkallem 3an el-mawduu3 bokra. We will talk about the topic tomorrow. هما هيتعلموا مصري . humma hayet3allimu masri. They will learn Egyptian Arabic. The important thing to notice is that you are still using the present stem underneath the future marker. What Does the Future Form Mean? 5 Now look beyond the verb form itself. The same future grammar can communicate several different meanings. You do not need a separate conjugation for each meaning. The context tells you what the speaker is doing. A PL AN A PERSONAL INTENTION هنزور جدتي يوم الجمعة من بكرة هصحى بدري . . hanzuur gedditi yoom el-gom3a. men bokra has7a badri. We will visit my grandmother on Friday. Starting tomorrow, I will wake up early. A PROMISE A DECISION MADE NOW هرد أنا التليفون بيرن . . Your friend asks you for help. You say: هساعدك بكرة . et-telefoon beyerenn. harodd ana. The phone is ringing. I'll answer it. hasa3dak bokra. I'll help you tomorrow. A PREDICTION A SCHEDULED EVENT الأسعار هتزيد الاجتماع هيبدأ الساعة عشرة . . el-as3aar hatziid. el-egtemaa3 hayebda2 es-sa3ah 3ashara. Prices will increase. The meeting will start at ten. A REPEATED FUTURE ACTION كل يوم هكلمك بعد الشغل . kol yoom hakallemak ba3d esh-shoghl. I will call you every day after work. You should notice that the verb itself does not tell you “promise,” “prediction,” or “plan.” The situation, the time expression, and the speaker's intention give you that meaning. 12 speak-arabi.com 12 LESSON 1 · BUILD THE FUTURE BUILDING THE FUTURE Near or Distant Future 6 Egyptian does not need one future form for tomorrow and another one for ten years from now. Compare: هكلمك كمان خمس دقايق بعد عشر سنين هعيش في بلد . تانية hakallemak kamaan khamas da2aaye2. . I will call you in five minutes. ba3d 3ashar seniin ha3iish fi balad tanyya. In ten years, I will live in another country. The future verb can stay the same. The time expression tells you how near or distant the event is. Useful Future-Time Expressions 7 EGYPTIAN FRANCO MEANING بكرة bokra tomorrow بعد بكرة ba3d bokra the day after tomorrow النهارده بالليل ennaharda bel-leel tonight بعد شوية ba3d shewayya in a little while الأسبوع الجاي el-osboo3 el-gaay next week الشهر الجاي esh-shahr el-gaay next month السنة الجاية es-sana el-gayya next year كمان ساعة kamaan saa3a in an hour كمان يومين kamaan yoomeen in two days من بكرة men bokra starting tomorrow Common Mistakes 8 بـ Do Not Keep أنا هبكتب الرسالة . ✗ ana habakteb er-resaala. أنا هكتب الرسالة . ✓ ana hakteb er-resaala. I will write the message. Do Not Remove the Person Marker هو هكتب . ✗ huwwa hakteb. هو هيكتب . ✓ huwwa hayekteb. He will write. إحنا هكتب . ✗ e7na hakteb. إحنا هنكتب . ✓ e7na hanekteb. We will write. 13 speak-arabi.com 13 LESSON 1 · BUILD THE FUTURE PRACTICE Practice 1 — Recognize Choose the best meaning. هرد أنا التليفون بيرن . . Your friend asks you for help. You say: 1 2 هساعدك بكرة . et-telefoon beyerenn. harodd ana. hasa3dak bokra. a. immediate decision b. repeated future action a. promise b. prediction الطيارة هتوصل الساعة ستة كل يوم هكلمك بعد الشغل . . 3 4 et-tayyaara hatewsal es-sa3ah setta. kol yoom hakallemak ba3d esh-shoghl. a. scheduled event b. personal intention a. repeated future action b. prediction الأسعار هتزيد . 5 el-as3aar hatziid. a. prediction b. promise Practice 2 — Choose, Complete, or Build Complete both the Arabic and Franco. الرسالة بكرة أنا من البيت هو . . 6 7 ana er-resaala bokra. huwwa men el-beet. كتب اشتغل katab eshtaghal USE USE ARABIC ARABIC FRANCO FRANCO قهوة؟ بعد شوية إحنا إنتي . 8 9 enti 2ahwa? e7na ba3d shewayya. شرب راح shereb raa7 USE USE ARABIC ARABIC FRANCO FRANCO Change the present into the future: Change the present into the future: 10 11 بيفتح بنتكلم beyefta7 benetkallem ARABIC ARABIC FRANCO FRANCO Correct the mistake: Correct the mistake: 12 13 أنا هبروح بكرة هما هكتبوا التقرير . . ✗ ✗ ana habroo7 bokra. humma haktebu et-ta2riir. ARABIC ARABIC FRANCO FRANCO 14 speak-arabi.com 14 LESSON 1 · BUILD THE FUTURE PRACTICE Practice 3 — Use It Write three short sentences about tomorrow: 14 one plan; one prediction; one thing you will decide or offer to do. Use at least one future-time expression from this lesson. ARABIC ARABIC ARABIC FRANCO FRANCO FRANCO CHECK REMEMBER Quick Check The main pattern is: Before you continue, check what you can do. هـ بـ بـ + present stem without I can remove ordinary when I build the ordinary, simple future. I can keep the correct person marker. هكتب بكتب هيشتغل بيشتغل → → I can make masculine, feminine, and plural future forms. I can use regular and longer verbs. bakteb hakteb beyeshtaghal hayeshtaghal → → I can recognize different meanings of the same future form. هنروح بنروح → I can use common future-time expressions. benroo7 hanroo7 → And remember: the future form itself does not automatically tell you whether something is a plan, promise, prediction, or immediate decision. Look at the whole situation. 15 speak-arabi.com 15 Page 10 أنا هكتب الرسالة بكرة . ana hakteb er-resaala bokra. I will write the message tomorrow. p10 هو هيشتغل من البيت . huwwa hayeshtaghal men el-beet. He will work from home. p10 إنتي هتتكلمي مع المدير؟ enti hatetkallemi ma3 el-modeer? Will you speak with the manager? p10 إحنا هنروح بعد شوية . e7na hanroo7 ba3d shewayya. We will go in a little while. p10 هما هيفتحوا المحل الساعة عشرة humma hayefta7u el-ma7all es-sa3ah . They will open the shop at ten. p10 بكتب bakteb I write / I am writing. p10 هكتب hakteb I will write. p10 Page 11 كتب katab 2 Complete Model: p11 ي إنتي enti often keeps the feminine ending. p11 وا هما إنتوا humma and keep their plural ending. p11 هيـ هو huwwa normally has . p11 هنـ إحنا e7na normally has . p11 هي إنت heyya masculine and can sometimes have the same verb form. p11 إنت هتكتب بكرة؟ enta hatekteb bokra? Will you write tomorrow? p11 هي هتكتب بكرة . heyya hatekteb bokra. She will write tomorrow. p11 أنا ana 3 What Happens with ? p11 Page 12 هروح بكرة . haroo7 bokra. I will go tomorrow. p12 هكتب الرسالة . hakteb er-resaala. I will write the message. p12 هشرب مية بعد التمرين . hashrab mayya ba3d et-tamriin. I will drink water after the workout. p12 هي هتفتح الشباك . heyya hatefta7 esh-shebbak. She will open the window. p12 هو هيشتغل معانا . huwwa hayeshtaghal ma3aana. He will work with us. p12 هنتكلم عن الموضوع بكرة . hanetkallem 3an el-mawduu3 bokra. We will talk about the topic tomorrow. p12 هما هيتعلموا مصري . humma hayet3allimu masri. They will learn Egyptian Arabic. p12 هنزور جدتي يوم الجمعة . hanzuur gedditi yoom el-gom3a. We will visit my grandmother on Friday. p12 من بكرة هصحى بدري . men bokra has7a badri. Starting tomorrow, I will wake up early. p12 هساعدك بكرة . hasa3dak bokra. I'll help you tomorrow. p12 الأسعار هتزيد . el-as3aar hatziid. Prices will increase. p12 الاجتماع هيبدأ الساعة عشرة . el-egtemaa3 hayebda2 es-sa3ah 3ashara. The meeting will start at ten. p12 كل يوم هكلمك بعد الشغل . kol yoom hakallemak ba3d esh-shoghl. I will call you every day after work. p12 Page 13 هكلمك كمان خمس دقايق . hakallemak kamaan khamas da2aaye2. I will call you in five minutes. p13 بعد بكرة ba3d bokra ba3d bokra p13 النهارده بالليل ennaharda bel-leel ennaharda bel-leel p13 بعد شوية ba3d shewayya ba3d shewayya p13 الأسبوع الجاي el-osboo3 el-gaay el-osboo3 el-gaay p13 الشهر الجاي esh-shahr el-gaay esh-shahr el-gaay p13 السنة الجاية es-sana el-gayya es-sana el-gayya p13 كمان ساعة kamaan sa3ah kamaan saa3a p13 كمان يومين kamaan yomeen kamaan yoomeen p13 من بكرة men bokra men bokra p13 أنا هكتب الرسالة ana hakteb er-resaala. ✓ . p13 هو هيكتب huwwa hayekteb. ✓ . p13 إحنا هنكتب e7na hanekteb. ✓ . p13 Page 14 هساعدك بكرة . hasa3dak bokra. a. immediate decision b. repeated future action p14 الطيارة هتوصل الساعة ستة et-tayyaara hatewsal es-sa3ah setta. 3 . p14 كل يوم هكلمك بعد الشغل kol yoom hakallemak ba3d esh-shoghl. 4 . p14 الأسعار هتزيد el-as3aar hatziid. 5 . p14 أنا الرسالة بكرة ana ______ er-resaala bokra. 6 . ______ p14 هو من البيت huwwa ______ men el-beet. 7 . ______ p14 إنتي قهوة؟ enti ______ 2ahwa? 8 ______ p14 إحنا بعد شوية e7na ______ ba3d shewayya. 9 . ______ p14 Page 15 بكتب هكتب bakteb → hakteb → p15 The printed page itself — every word at the millimetre the book
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